| Name | Dates | Brief Bio | Nationality | Area | Interests | Major Work(s) | Video | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | 1744-1829 | 
 biology | evolution | Philosophie zoologique, |
| Joseph | de Maistre 1753-1821
| 
politics | social hierarchy, monarchy | Letters from a Savoyard Royalist |
| Comte de | Saint-Simon 1760-1825
| 
politics | socialism | Lettres d'un habitant de Genève, Du système industriel |
| Germaine | de Staël 1766-1817
| 
politics | salonniere, novelist | The Influence of Literature upon Society |
| G.W.F. | Hegel 1770-1831
| 
philosophy | epistemology, aesthetics, history, religion | The Phenomenology of Spirit, | The Science of Logic 
Arthur | Schopenhauer 1788-1860
| 
philosophy | epistemology, atheism, ethics | The World as Will and Representation
| 
Auguste | Comte 1798-1857
| 
social philosophy | utopian socialism, positivism | Religion of Humanity
| 
Ralph Waldo | Emerson 1803-1882
| 
essayist | transcendentalism, individualism | Essays: First Series, | Essays: Second Series 
Alexis | de Tocqueville 1805-1859
| 
politics, history | living standards, social conditions | Democracy in America
| 
John Stuart | Mill 1806-1873
| 
social, political theory | utilitarianism, liberty | The Subjection of Women, | On Liberty
| Pierre-Joseph | Proudhon 1809/1865
| 
politics, economics | anarchism | Property is theft! |
| Charles | Darwin 1809-1882
| 
naturalist, geologist, biologist | evolution | On the Origin of Species, | The Descent of Man
| Søren | Kierkegaard 1813-1855
| |
